Today, the adjudicatory system of arbitration is replacing the court, since it is considered to be more private, economical, rapid, certain, conducive to business relationships and in some jurisdictions finality of their decision. However, arbitration has its own limitations. For example, arbitrators may make mistakes and all advantages of arbitration may be for the “winners” of arbitration. That is why almost all countries in the globe agreed for the necessity of vacating an arbitral awards in case where the award is defective. The problem is that unlike the arbitration laws of many jurisdictions, the Ethiopian arbitration law has never said anything about the situation after vacating of an arbitral award. And, leaving the post-setting aside situation without adequate procedural rules amounts to exposing the parties for further controversy. So, the main purpose of this article is to examine and analyze the Ethiopian Arbitration Laws governing post-setting aside situation of a vacated arbitral awards. And, the article upholds qualitative legal research which is based on the identification, synthesis and analysis of the law governing vacated arbitral awards. The arbitration laws of other jurisdictions are also overviewed for better understanding of the issues and to indicate where the gap on the arbitration law of Ethiopia is. Finally, the writer recommends the Ethiopian government to refine the arbitration law governing vacating arbitral awards particularly to include a provision that dictate the effects of a vacated arbitral awards.

The response of the Ethiopian federal government to the economic impact of COVID-19 on businesses has so far been to relax tax burden through Tax Relief Directive No. 64/2012. However, tax relief is beneficial only if a business makes income which currently is much harder as the pandemic is disrupting the performance of privet contracts. Businesses all over the country are experiencing reduced demand, late payments, depressed revenue and overall disruption in supply chine. Similarly, all members of the public with privet contracts i.e. employees, tenants, farmers, homeowners and others face the prospect of defaulting on their obligation. The government has so far refrained from interfering with the terms of contracts. One exception is the Federal Housing Corporation (FHC) in Addis Ababa which has announced a 50% reduction of housing rent due to the pandemic. On the contrary, other countries like Belgium have passed temporary measures to protect debtors affected by the pandemic from creditors by imposing a moratorium on creditors’ rights to enforce debts, terminate or dissolve existing contracts and initiate bankruptcy proceedings. 

One part of the economic reform programs in Ethiopia is improving the country's ranking in the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business. As part of the Ease of Doing Business Project, the Ethiopian Investment Commission (EIC) has been responsible for revising the investment proclamation, which has been in effect since 2012. After several consultations with the private sector representatives and the development community, the final draft was presented to the House of Peoples' Representatives (HPR) in January 2020 and was approved by the House. After the approval, the law-making process necessitated for it to get publicized in the Federal Negarit Gazette to enter into effect. Accordingly, the new investment proclamation, cited as "Investment Proclamation No. 1180/2020" was publicized on April 2, 2020, officially repealing the long-lasted Investment Proclamation No. 769/2012 as amended from time to time.

የኮሮና (COVID-19) በሽታ አለም አቀፍ ችግር ሆኗል፡፡ በአለም ላይ ያሉ ሳይንቲስቶች በደረሱበት የምርምር ደረጃም በትክክል የሚተላለፍባቸው መንገዶች በሙሉ ተለይተው አይታወቁም፡፡ ነገር ግን በሽታው በሰዎች መካከል በሚኖር ቀጥተኝ (መጨባበጥ፤ መተቃቀፍ..) እና ቀጥተኛ ያልሆነ (አንድ ሰው የነካውን ግኡዝ ነገር ሌላ ሰው በመንካት …) አካላዊ ንክኪ እና የትንፋሽ ግንኙነት በቀላሉ የሚተላለፍ መሆኑ በትክክል ይታወቃል፡፡ ይህ ከሰዎች ባሕሪ ጋር በቀጥታ የተገናኘ የመተላለፍያ መንገዱ በሽታውን እጅግ አደገኛ እና አስፈሪ አድርጎታል፡፡ በሽታው ምንም አይነት ፈዋሽ መድሀኒት የሌለው መሆኑ እና ከሰው ወደ ሰው የሚተላለፍበት እና የሚሰራጭበት ፍጥነት በድምር ሲታይ ብሔራዊ ስጋት ተደርጎ እንዲወሰድ አድርጎታል፡፡ በበሽታው የተፈጠረው ብሔራዊ ስጋት ተራ ስጋት ሳይሆን ከፍተኛ እና ከባድ ስጋት ነው፡፡   

የህዝብ ተወካዮች ምክር ቤት የስራ ዘመን ከማለቁ በፊት ምርጫን ማከናወን እንደማይችል፤ ብሄራዊ የምርጫ ቦርድ ካሳወቀ ጊዜ ጀምሮ፤ የጉዳዩ ሕገ መንግሥታዊ ገፅታዎች በተለያዩ መድረኮች ውይይት እየተደረገባቸው ነው። አራት አማራጭ መፍትሄዎች የቀረቡለት የህዝብ ተወካዮች ምክር ቤት፤ በጉዳዩ ላይ የሕገ መንግሥት ትርጉም፤ ከፌዴሬሽን ምክር ቤት ጠይቋል። የሕገ መንግሥት ጉዳዮች አጣሪ ጉባኤ፤ ጥያቄውን ተቀብሎ፤ የሕገ መንግሥት ምሁሮች አስተያየታቸውን በፅሁፍ እንዲያቀርቡ ጋብዟል። በቃልም እንዲያስረዱና ጥያቄዎችን እንዲያቀርቡ ጋብዟል።

እርግጥ ነው አሁን ያለንበት የኮሮና ቫይርስ ወረርሽኝ ወቅት እጅግ ፈታኝ፣ ፈጣን አስተዳደራዊ ውሳኔ ለመስጠት የሚከብድበት የቱ ትክክልየቱ ስህተት እንደሆነ ለማመዛዘን የሚቸግር ጊዜ ነው፡፡ በተለይም በወረርሽኙ ምክንያት የሰዎች ህይወት አደጋ ላይ መውደቁ ሲታይ አሳሳቢና አስጨናቂ ነው፡፡

በዛው መጠን ደግሞ በማዕበሉ ወቅትም ቢሆን ህዝብና የመንግሥት አስተዳደር ይቀጥላል፡፡ ፍርድ ቤቶች ደግሞ እጅግ በጣም አስፈላጊና ወሳኝየህዝብ አገልግሎት ሰጪ አካላት መሆናቸው ሳይታለም የተፈታ ሐቅነው፡፡ ፍ/ቤቶች ከሶስቱ የመንግሥት አካላት (the three organs of Government/state) አንደኛው ቅርንጫፍ/አካል ናቸው፡፡ ሌሎቹ የመንግሥት አካላት(አስፈፃሚውና ሕግ አውጪው) ሥራቸውን እያስኬዱ ነው፡፡ ፍርድ ቤቶችም በወረርሽኙ ምክንያት የሰውን ህይወት ለአደጋ በማያጋልጥና በጥንቃቄ ሥራቸውን የሚያስኬዱበት መንገድ ሊፈተሸ ይገባል፡፡

Part of the Ethiopian government’s actions to reduce Covid-19’s effect on the economy is the recently issued directive to remit tax liabilities of taxpayers number 64/2020 (the “Directive”). This directive was issued by the Ministry of Finance pursuant to the mandate bestowed to it by the Federal Tax Administration Proclamation Number 983/2016. The purpose of the directive is to reduce the damage caused by Covid-19 on taxpayers. And, the tax liabilities subject to remission are tax liabilities of before and during 2018.

ኢትዮጵያ በተፈጥሮ ፀጋ የተከበበች ውብ ሀገር ብትሆንም በድህነት አዘቅት ውስጥ ተዘፍቃ የምትኖር፤ ባደጉ ሀገራት ተረፈ ምርትና የአየር ብክለት ገፈት ቀማሽነት፤ በሚጠጣ ንጹህ ውኃ እጥረት ተጠቂነት የምትነሳ ሀገር ነች፡፡ ኢትዮጵያ በመአድን፣ በለም መሬት፣ በእንስሳት፣ በውኃ ኃብት እንዲሁም በሌሎች አላቂና አላቂ ያልሆኑ የተፈጥሮ ሀብቶች ባለፀጋ መሆኗን የሚካድ ባይሆንም በተፈጥሮ የታደለችውን ኃብት ጥቅም ላይ ከማዋል ረገድ ግን እምብዛም አይደለችም፡፡ ሜዳዋንና ተራሯን የሚሸፍን የተፈጥሮ ዝናብ እየተቀበለች ይህ ዝናብ አፈሯንና ወርቋን ጠራርጎ በመውሰድ ለጎረቤት ሀገራት ነፃ ስጦታና ችሮታ እንዲሆን ከመፍቀድ ውጪ የልማት መንገዱን አልተገለጠላትም፡፡ ወንዞች በደራሽ ውኃ ተጥለቅልቀው የገበሬ ማሳ የጎርፍ ሲሳይ ሲያደርጉ ማየት ክረምት በመጣ ቁጥር የምንገነዘበው መራራ እውነት ነው፡፡ አባይን የሚያክል ግዙፍ የውሀ ኃብት ከጉሮሮዋ እየፈለቀቁ የራሳቸው ከርሰ ምድር ሲሞሉ ኢትዮጵያ  የበይ ተመልካች ሆና መኖሯን ግርምት ይፈጥራል፡፡

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought overall economic, political and social crisis in most parts of the world, including Ethiopia. Although there are criticisms on their effectiveness, the government of Ethiopia has been taking measures to ease the economic impact of COVID-19 on the business entities operating in the country. Earlier in April, a protocol was issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs cited as the COVID-19 Workplace Response Protocol, which regulates the relationship between employees and employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. This protocol was a subject of criticisms due to its silence on the obligation and role of the government in sharing the burdens of employers.  

“In the Judgment alone is to be found the law in its living form.”

“ሕግ ህያው በሆነ ቅርጹ የሚገኘው በፍርዶች ውስጥ ብቻ ነው”  Marcel Planiol